Download or read book On the Shoulders of Giants written by Stephen W. Hawking and published by Penguin Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen Hawking explains how such great men of science as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Einstein built on the discoveries of those who came before them, and how these works changed the course of science, ushering astronomy and physics out of the Middle Ages and into the modern world.