Generally, spontaneous pattern formation phenomena are random and repetitive, whereas elaborate devices are the deterministic product of human design. Yet, biol

This book explores the universe and its subsystems from the three lenses of evolutionary (contingent), developmental (predictable), and complex (adaptive) proce

This book addresses relevant issues that tissue-engineering researchers must consider when planning new strategies, especially in the bone and cartilage field.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Unconventional Computation, UC 2012, held in O

The notion of swarm intelligence was introduced for describing decentralized and self-organized behaviors of groups of animals. Then this idea was extrapolated