The coinage of Western Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire in the West.

Reading Medieval Sources is an exciting new series which leads scholars and students into some of the most challenging and rewarding sources from the European M

Bringing together essays from experts in a variety of disciplines, this collection explores two of the most important facets of life within the medieval Europe:

Focuses on one of the most attractive features of late medieval manuscript illumination: the portrait of the book owner at prayer within the pages of her prayer

The first comprehensive reference work devoted exclusively to this dark, but critical, period in the history of Western civilization. In the Encyclopedia of Bar