Across the nineteenth century European history, philology, archaeology, art, and architecture turned from a common classical vocabulary and ideology to images o

From windmills to wheelbarrows, medieval innovators helped develop or improve some important manufacturing technology we use today. The Middle Ages were crucial

"The common, simplistic view of the Middle Ages as religion-centered and materially backward is challenged by Jean Gimpel in this milestone study, originally pu

Archaeologists and textile historians bring together 16 papers to investigate the production, trade and consumption of textiles in Scandinavia and across parts

In search of specific national traditions nineteenth-century artists and scholars did not shy of manipulating texts and objects or even outright manufacturing t