Observers and historians continue to marvel at the diversity and complexity of the Ottoman Empire. This book explores the significant and multifaceted role that

Following the so called "Arab Spring" the world's attention has been drawn to the presence of significant minority religious groups within the predominantly Isl

Local administration -- Local finances and taxation -- Legal corporate status -- Law and justice -- Nationality.

By the early twentieth century, there were close to two hundred American missionaries working in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. They came in droves as earl

This book traces the history of conflict and contact between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Ottoman Middle East prior to 1914.