The Eurocentric conventional wisdom holds that the West is unique in having a multi-state system in international relations and liberal democracy in state-socie

Scholars have long argued over whether the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, which ended more than a century of religious conflict arising from the Protestant Reformati

There is a common belief that the system of sovereign territorial states and the roots of liberal democracy are unique to European civilization and alien to non

In The Confucian-Legalist State, Dingxin Zhao offers a radically new analysis of Chinese imperial history from the eleventh century BCE to the fall of the Qing

Failed or weak states, miscarried democratizations, and economic underdevelopment characterize a large part of the world we live in. Much work has been done on