Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, studies the relationships between entities using vertices and edges. Uncertain Graph Theory has emerged within this field

This book represents the fourth volume in the series Collected Papers on Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainizat

This paper builds upon the foundational work presented in [38–40]. The Neutrosophic Set provides a comprehensive mathematical framework for managing uncertain

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic pro

In graph theory, the hypergraph [22] extends the traditional graph structure by allowing edges to connect multiple vertices, and this concept is further broaden