Twenty-seven authors approach the diverse areas of the cultural, religious, and social life of the twelfth century. These essays form a basic resource for all i

The twelfth century was a period of rapid change in Europe. The intellectual landscape was being transformed by new access to classical works through non-Christ

This volume surveys the wide range of cultural and intellectual changes in western Europe in the period 1050-1250. The Twelfth-Century Renaissance first establi