The book charts the dramatic months leading to one of the most profound changes of the 20th century, the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the restoration

The fall of the Berlin Wall is typically understood as the culmination of political-economic trends that fatally weakened the East German state. Meanwhile, comp

DIVA critical and comparative reexamination of the East German revolution of 1989 and its aftermath, suggesting which causal mechanisms account for the collapse

The establishment of the Communist social model in one part of Germany was a result of international postwar developments, of the Cold War waged by East and Wes

On the night of November 9, 1989, massive crowds surged toward the Berlin Wall, drawn by an announcement that caught the world by surprise: East Germans could n