This open access book carefully explores the relationship between social democracy and its working-class electorate in Western Europe. Relying on different indi

This book offers a concise and accessible coverage of the historical background, the organization and policies of the fifteen social democratic parties in the E

There is a developing crisis of social democratic trade unionism in Western Europe; this volume outlines the crisis and examines the emerging alternatives. The

Socialist and Social Democratic parties leave few political observers and citizens indifferent. For several years, a certain number of actors on the political s