The synchronized flashing of fireflies at night. The spiraling patterns of an aggregating slime mold. The anastomosing network of army-ant trails. The coordinat

Describing a theoretical view of ecosystems based on how they self-organise to produce complex patterns, this book focuses on very simple models that despite th

Technological systems become organized by commands from outside, as when human intentions lead to the building of structures or machines. But many nat ural syst

The Self-Organizing Economy In the last few years the concept of self-organizing systems—complex systems in which randomness and chaos seem spontaneously to e

A major scientific revolution has begun, a new paradigm that rivals Darwin's theory in importance. At its heart is the discovery of the order that lies deep wit