Pathophysiology is the convergence of pathology (the discipline of observed changes in a diseased state) with physiology (the mechanisms of systems operation).

The basic functional unit of kidney is the glomerulus. Any renal derangement at that level can lead to a multitude of diseases. The renal as well as glomerular

Heart transplantation remains one of the major scientific achievements of twentieth century medicine. During the past four decades, it has evolved from an unpro