In recent years, the historiography of nineteenth-century Spain and Latin America has been invigorated by interdisciplinary engagement with scholars working on

African slavery was pervasive in Spain’s Atlantic empire yet remained in the margins of the imperial economy until the end of the eighteenth century when the

By the early ninth century, the responsibility for a series of social, religious and political reforms had become an integral part of running the Carolingian em

Calls attention to the political, economic, and cultural interdependence and interaction of global and local forces shaping the Atlantic world of the nineteenth

As Spain rebuilt its colonial regime in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after the Spanish American revolutions, it turned to history to justify continued