A comparative and empirical analysis of proportionality in the case law of six constitutional and supreme courts.

A rigorous analysis of the relationship between proportionality and deference under the Human Rights Act.

To speak of human rights in the twenty-first century is to speak of proportionality. Proportionality has been received into the constitutional doctrine of court

Offers a potted history of the German Federal Constitutional Court, one of the most influential constitutional courts in recent years. It examines the developme

There has been considerable debate in the international community as to the legality of the forceful actions in Kosovo in 1999, Afghanistan in 2002 and Iraq in