This book presents the theory of proper forcing and its relatives from the beginning. No prior knowledge of forcing is required.

These notes can be viewed and used in several different ways, each has some justification, a collection of papers, a research monograph or a text book. The auth

Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Gre

In this 1987 text Professor Jech gives a unified treatment of the various forcing methods used in set theory, and presents their important applications. Product