Institutionalization has become a paramount concept to compare party systems in regions spanned by the third wave of democratization. Based on raw electoral dat

New political parties have regularly appeared in developed democracies around the world. In some countries issues focusing on the environment, immigration, econ

Based on contributions from leading scholars, this study generates a wealth of new empirical information about Latin American party systems. It also contributes

Examines democratic party competition in four post-communist polities in the 1990s. The work illustrates developments regarding different voter appeal of partie

Ingrid van Biezen provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of party formation and organizational development in recently established democracies. She focus