In this study of the rise of modern Arabic, Ayalon examines 19th-century linguistic change in the Eastern Arab world, describing how the language responded to t

Middle Eastern society experienced sudden and profound change in the 19th century under the impact of European expansion and influence. But as Western ideas abo

Filling a gap in the literature currently available on the topic, this edited collection is the first examination of the interplay between urbanization, languag

Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East differs from traditional modern Middle East scholarship in that it reevaluates the images and perceptions that

Introduction / Jacob Hoigilt and Gunvor Mejdell -- A language for the people? quantitative indicators of written darija and 'ammiyya in Cairo and Rabat / Kristi