Many of the central results of Classical and Marxian political economy are examples of the self-organization of the capitalist economy as a complex, adaptive sy

Stephen Innes studies the relationship between work, land, and community in seventeenth-century Springfield, Massachusetts. Using analytical concepts drawn from

From 1940 to 1970, nearly four million black migrants left the American rural South to settle in the industrial cities of the North and West. Competition in the

From the founding of New Amsterdam until today, working people have helped create and re-create the City of New York through their struggles. Starting with arti

Whayne also offers an analysis of the forces at work on the local level. She suggests that concerted opposition to modernization existed even before New Deal pr