Information operations involve the use of military information and how it is gathered, manipulated, and fused. It includes such critical functions as intelligen

Volume 7, Perceptions Are Reality: Historical Case Studies of Information Operations in Large-Scale Combat Operations, is a collection of ten historical case st

Over the past two decades, information operations (IO) has gone through a number of doctrinal evolutions, explained, in part, by the rapidly changing nature of

Information operations (IO) creates effects in and through the information environment. IO optimizes the information element of combat power and supports and en