External shocks, such as commodity price fluctuations, natural disasters, and the role of the international economy, are often blamed for the poor economic perf

Export structure is less diversified in low-income countries (LICs) and especially small states that face resource constraints and small economic size. This pap

Research work by the IMF’s staff on the effectiveness of the country programs the organization supports, which has long been carried out, has intensified in r

Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial mar

A recovery is underway, but the economic fallout from the global pandemic could be with us for years to come. With the crisis exacerbating prepandemic vulnerabi