The industrial revolution transformed the productive power of societies. It did so by vastly increasing the individual productivity, thus delivering whole popul

Until the widespread harnessing of machine energy, food was the energy which fuelled the economy. In this groundbreaking 2011 study of agricultural labourers' d

The Routledge Handbook of Energy Transitions draws upon a unique and multidisciplinary network of experts from around the world to explore the expanding field o

Shipping was the most dynamic sector of the economy of Europe from the fourteenth into the nineteenth century. Europeans who moved goods by sea dramatically imp