Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease has been divided into four sections that focus on heart dysfunction and its associated characteristics (hypertrophy, c

For many years, there has been a great deal of work done on chronic congestive heart failure while acute heart failure has been considered a difficult to handle

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantialburden is rising, particularly in lo

Due to population aging, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has become the most common heart valve disease in Western countries. No therapies exist to slow th

This text, aimed at the clinical cardiologist, covers the planning of and partcipation in a clinical trial. It interprets the importance of past clinical trials