The fascinating history of how coal-based energy became entangled with American security. Since the early twentieth century, Americans have associated oil with

From 1868–1872, German geologist Ferdinand von Richthofen went on an expedition to China. His reports on what he found there would transform Western interest

The Age of Empire was driven by coal, and the Middle East—as an idea—was made by coal. Coal’s imperial infrastructure presaged the geopolitics of oil that

An innovative account of the trials and tribulations of first-generation Victorian mail steamship lines, their passengers and the public.

Table of Contents 1 Introduction and historiographical essay 1 2 The Ottoman coal coast 20 3 Coal miners at work : jobs, recruitment, and wages 52 4 "Like slave