The Female Offender challenges the long-standing tradition of male dominated criminology theory and research, which has taken little or no account of gender dif

Scholarship in criminology over the last few decades has often left little room for research and theory on how female offenders are perceived and handled in the

​Female offenders are often perceived as victims who commit crimes as a self-defense mechanism or as criminal deviants whose actions strayed from typical ‘w

According to the Sentencing Project, between 1980 and 2017, the number of incarcerated women increased by more than 750%, rising from a total of 26,378 in 1980