Each year, the International Police Executive Symposium (IPES) holds a global conference for police scholars and practitioners to exchange information about the

America’s first known system of law enforcement was established more than 350 years ago. Today law enforcement faces issues such as racial discrimination, use

"Examines the beginnings of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department, from 1861 to 1906, when St. Louis was the fourth-largest city in the United States"--P

The historical study of crime has expanded in criminology during the past few decades, forming an active niche area in social history. Indeed, the history of cr