A succinct, up-to-date and chronological history of the 21 general councils, along with their major tasks, achievements and failures and their impact on their t

There have been twenty-one universal gatherings 'ecumenical councils' of the Catholic Church. The first opened in 325, the last closed in 1965, and the names of

This work examines the role of the reception of the Council of Nicaea (325) in the major councils of the mid-fifth century.

In this study, Ramsay MacMullen steps aside from the well-worn path that previous scholars have trod to explore exactly how early Christian doctrines became off