Identifying, interpreting, and managing soil constraints are major challenges, especially when multiple constraints occur in the same soil at various depth zone

Precision farming involves soil fertility and crop growth monitoring, electronic equipment, remote sensing, global information and positioning systems, computer

Globally, over two thirds of soils are affected by physical, chemical, or biological soil constraints. These constraints cause significant yield loss, and, as s

Introduction: question of scale; Integrating spatial patterns; Leaf to ecosystem elvel integration; Scalling water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange from leaves