Federal agencies have taken steps to include the public in a wide range of environmental decisions. Although some form of public participation is often required

Federal agencies have taken steps to include the public in a wide range of environmental decisions. Although some form of public participation is often required

Advocates of public participation believe it improves environmental assessment and decision making; detractors criticize it as ineffective and inefficient. The

In spite of the expanding role of public participation in environmental decisionmaking, there has been little systematic examination of whether it has, to date,